Recently, a set of data was found: on 25 October last, five-year-old children living in lock-ups were strong, and when playing at their neighbours' homes, pet dogs tied to stone posts broke out of chains, and would bite them all over their bodies, while, in the event of an accident, their parents and neighbours were absent and tragic events took place. He was then sent to the community service centre for rabies vaccination and then to hospital. Fortunately, after 23 days of hospitalization, he recovered.
But not all people recover from animal bites. According to WHO, about 60,000 people die of rabies every year globally, of which India is the world ' s most endemic country, with more than 20,000 deaths per year. China is the only country in India that has the second highest rate in the world, with almost 100 per cent mortality if infected by rabies.
Two characteristics determine the lethality rate of 92.88%.
Since 2005, the former Ministry of Health has promulgated the National rabies Surveillance Programme (PEP) to establish rabies monitoring points in six provinces, in addition to the legally reported cases. According to past data, in 2015, there were 801 reported cases in 27 provinces, 744 deaths and 92.8 per cent mortality.
Of these, the reported morbidity and mortality rates in 2015 were 13.78 per cent and 13.33 per cent, respectively, lower than in 2014 and 75.73 per cent lower than the 2007 peak of 3,300 cases. While the incidence and mortality of rabies are decreasing year by year, we cannot afford to underestimate the rabies virus, which has a super-lethal capacity, which is derived mainly from two characteristics.
One, he's the best at sneaking, immune escape.
When a common bacteria or virus enters the human body, it first arrives in the blood environment of the human body, which is easily detected and attacked by the immune system in the body, but the rabies virus was first confined to muscle cells, using muscle cells as a cover to avoid detection by the immune system.
In addition to this, the rabies virus, from the wound to the brain, has a whole range of secrets that can help it escape the immune system. For example, when a virus attack occurs, a sugar protein is produced in the human body, called Interference, which is an antiviral protein, but the rabies virus has a special substance, called M-Protein, which inhibits the reaction of the interferon and disrupts the activation of the congenital immune response.
This characteristic also causes the rabies virus to remain in the body for a long period of time, and the optimal treatment time is missed when the disease occurs.
2 - Neuristic properties become its shield.
The rabies virus does not enter the blood environment of the human body and survives only in nerve cells, where it is difficult for the immune system to detect or track its presence until it enters the central nervous system, and no antiviral drugs work.
As a result of the blood and brain barrier, the rabies virus was given a “protective shield” disguised to intercept most of the antiviral drugs outside the brain, which also prevented them from attacking the rabies virus.
Aftercare is not 100% protected
In September 2018, a boy was bitten by a wild dog on his way home, and his father immediately took him to hospital for rabies. The general rabies vaccine required five doses, one in 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days, respectively, but less than two days before the fourth dose, the boy had a rabies outbreak and died shortly thereafter.
A lot of people are wondering, “Why is the boy being vaccinated but still not able to escape the rabies virus? Is the rabies too powerful or is the vaccine not working?"
As rabies are generally administered for about 14 days to produce a large number of antibodies, rabies have only about 10 days of incubation. The father of the boy was taken to hospital at the first time after the boy was bitten, instead of washing the wound, which led to rabies developing during the inoculation period or accelerating the process of rabies inoculation.
There is a time difference, which results in the vaccine entering the brain tissue before it is produced, so that the antigen in the vaccine increases the antigen of the rabies virus in the body, thereby accelerating the growth and spread of rabies and exacerbating the disease.
What do you do when you get bit by a cat or a dog?
After-action vaccines are not 100 per cent protected, and these emergency treatments are not in place because of pre-vaccination conditions. What should I do? The Clinical Study of Chinese Medicine lists several practices:
1. In situ washing
Once bitten by cats and dogs, do not rush to the hospital and wash the wounds with 20 per cent of soap and running water. In the case of bites into the flesh, the wound is closed, first presses the tissue around the wound with the hand, so that the blood in the wound can flow out, and after washing, it can be disinfected with iodine or double oxygen or alcohol.
2. Correct vaccinations at the required time
In an old saying, “It is better to inject early than late and to inject later than non-injection”, please go to the local hospital as soon as possible for rabies after the bite and ensure full injection and, if necessary, use the immunoglobin of rabies.
3. Timely detection of antibodies
The antibody should be tested one month after the full course of the vaccine, and if the test results are positive, it means that the antibody has been produced and rabies vaccine has immune effects on the bite. If negative, the vaccinations should be increased once in 15th and 75th days, respectively, until the antibody is produced.
A message from a doctor.
With the frequency of social cases of canine injuries, the harm to people is not just an opening but also a rabies virus hidden in animals. It is recommended that those who have pets at home give them early rabies vaccination to protect themselves and others. If a cat or dog is accidentally bitten, it is also necessary to have an emergency response and to have an early vaccination in the hospital.